BS - Bacterial Speck
Scientific Name: Pseudomonas syringae
Type: Bacterium
Bacterial Speck is a disease that affects the growth of peppers and tomatoes. Symptoms include small brown spots brown in the center surrounded by a yellow ring on the leaves and curling of the leaves. In severe cases, the spots will spread to the tomato. It is caused by infected seeds and is spread by farm equipment, tools, workers, wind, and water. The infected plants should be removed to avoid further infestation. Cool moist conditions contribute to the development of the disease. The disease is favorable when temperatures are 63-75 F and usually occur when moisture and humidity are very high. Plan on using a 3 year crop rotation and avoid planting in the same location, year after year. Increasing space between the plants can help control and prevent the disease, as the disease can be spread from plant to plant in crowded conditions. Keep the fields weed free. Copper fungicides can help manage the disease. The best option is to use disease resistant varieties.
TEV – Tobacco Etch Virus
Type: Virus - Potyvirus
Tobacco Etch Virus is a disease that affects the growth of peppers. This disease is most common in Canada, the USA (including Hawaii), Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela. Symptoms include crinkling of leaves, reduction in size of leaves, leaves are distorted and mottled, vein clearing, necrotic lines or etching, and severe stunting of the plant. Peppers are mottled and do not reach full size. In severe cases, wilting and death of the plant can occur. The virus can cause substantial crop loss. The virus is transmitted by aphids and can spread mechanically. The virus survives for long periods in plant debris. Mild winter temperatures favor survival of the virus, thus the disease can be greater the following spring. The infected plants should be removed and burned to avoid further infestation. Plan on using a 3 year crop rotation and avoid planting in the same location, year after year. Keep your garden weed free. Disinfect tools, stakes, and equipment. Wash clothing that comes into contact with the infected plants. Use screen house with 32 mesh or greater to keep out aphids. Insecticides for aphids can control the disease. The best option is to use disease resistant varieties.